 Bloomberg News A longtime financial markets leader called on federal regulators Tuesday to stiffen their spines and propose rules that would require everyone providing investment advice to act in the best interests of their clients. There is widespread opposition to fiduciary duty rules being considered by the Labor Department and the Securities and Exchange Commission, John Bogle, founder of The Vanguard Group Inc., said by telephone at a conference in Washington sponsored by the Institute for the Fiduciary Standard. But instead of focusing on safe harbors for certain kinds of brokerage activities, the agencies should keep the big picture in mind, he said. “There has to be at some point a great willingness of the government — particularly the SEC and also the Labor Department — to take responsibility for making sure that if you're touching other people's money, you are a fiduciary,” Mr. Bogle said from Philadelphia, where he was stuck due to inclement weather. He acknowledged that some accommodations would have to be made in fiduciary duty rules that allow brokers who are strictly sales representatives to continue to do their jobs. “The overriding thing is to put the principle first and the carve-out second, if we need one,” he said. The Labor Department and SEC are working on separate fiduciary duty rules. The Labor Department regulation would expand the term “fiduciary” as it applies under federal retirement law to any financial adviser working with 401(k) and other qualified plans as well as individual retirement accounts. The SEC's rule would establish a uniform fiduciary standard for anyone providing retail investment advice. The Labor Department originally proposed a rule in 2010 but withdrew it after strong opposition from the financial industry, which argued that it would subject brokers in the IRA market to fiduciary duty for the first time. In a recent regulatory calendar, the Labor Department said that it would re-propose its rule next August. The SEC recently put its measure on its “long-term actions” calendar. One industry representative said that the opposition to the Labor Department rule doesn't revolve around fiduciary duty. The bigger concern is that the original DOL proposal wouldn't have permitted brokers to receive revenue-sharing or 12(b)-1 fees from funds within IRA or plan products, said Kent Mason, a partner at Davis & Harman. The amount of the fees vary within IRAs and plans, a situation not permitted for advisers under federal retirement law. “If this was about the best-interest issue, this would have been over in 2011,” Mr. Maso! n said in an interview. “The brokerage model is illegal as it's currently structured [under the original DOL rule],” he said. “That's the issue.” Under the law, investment advisers must act in the best interests of their clients or meet a fiduciary standard. Brokers are held to a less stringent suitability rule when selling investment products. A former SEC official told the conference that it would be difficult for the commission to craft a uniform fiduciary standard that would satisfy advocates in the audience. If the SEC is able to propose a best-interests standard, it would accommodate elements of the brokerage business, such as principal trading, rather than subject it to the adviser standard. Part of the reason is that brokers are better funded and organized politically than advisers, said Robert Plaze, a partner at Stroock & Stroock & Lavan. “The SEC is not going to threaten the broker-dealer business model,” he said. “Broker-dealers are the market.”
Income-seeking investors migrating into equities to escape low bonds yields face a new challenge: living with the volatility that comes with stocks. Peter DeCaprio, portfolio manager and principal at Crow Point Partners, has been working for more than a year on an equity income strategy that tamps down on wild price swings. Even though the Crow Point Hedged Global Equity Fund (CGHAX) is technically defined as a long-short equity fund, it is designed to be used as an alternative to traditional bond portfolios. “We've all been watching the trade move away from fixed income because the yields have gotten so low, so we're using global equities to replicate income and bond-type volatility,” Mr. DeCaprio said. Crow Point Partners has about $1 billion under management, but less than $10 million in the year-old fund. Mr. DeCaprio acknowledges that a lot of advisers will be reluctant to rush into a relatively new fund with a small pool of assets. “We're a small fund and we're not on any wirehouse platforms,” he said. “But the story itself resonates really well with advisers who have clients with 30% or 40% allocated to bonds.” The strategy is relatively fundamental. The portfolio is made up of mostly non-U.S. dividend-paying equities and preferred stocks. And those individual positions are hedged with broad market put options. The dividends provide the income that bond investors are seeking, and the downside protection from the put options keeps the volatility at a level that makes the portfolio feel like a bond fund. “We're trying to give bond investors an alternative that will not expose them to the risks of the yield curve,” Mr. DeCaprio said. Even though the fund derives its income from dividends, the strategy is not to load up on the highest-yielding stocks, because the goal is to establish stability and predictability in the income stream. “We have stocks in the portfolio yielding anywhere from 2% to 14%,” he said. “You have to balance pure yield with total return potential, and you need to buy healthy companies that can sustain their dividends.” The fund is targeting a gross dividend yield of between 5% and 7%, and over the past 11 months the fund's net dividend yield was 4.2%. Since the start of the year, the fund has gained 4%, which does not get a lot of attention against research screens comparing it with a 29.1% gain by the S&P 500, or a 13.2% gain by the long-short equity fund category as tracked! by Morningstar Inc. But Mr. DeCaprio is quick to point out the fund is not being managed to stack up against equities, particularly in the middle of such a momentum-driven market. The fund's performance looks much better when compared to the 2% decline this year by the Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index. “It's a bond alternative, and that probably means nothing to the guys whose portfolios are designed around the momentum market,” Mr. DeCaprio said. “But there still are people out there who want low-volatility income strategies.”
With shares of JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE:JPM) trading around $55, is JPM an OUTPERFORM, WAIT AND SEE, or STAY AWAY? Let's analyze the stock with the relevant sections of our CHEAT SHEET investing framework: T = Trends for a Stock’s Movement JPMorgan Chase is a financial holding company that provides various financial services worldwide. The company is engaged in investment banking, financial services for consumers and small businesses, commercial banking, financial transaction processing, asset management, and private equity. Financial services companies like JPMorgan Chase are essential for well-functioning economies around the world. JPMorgan Chase is warning some 465,000 holders of prepaid cash cards issued by the bank that their personal information may have been accessed by hackers who attacked its network in July. The cards were issued for corporations to pay employees and for government agencies to issue tax refunds, unemployment compensation, and other benefits. JPMorgan said on Wednesday it detected that its web servers used by its site www.ucard.chase.com had been breached in the middle of September. It then fixed the issue and reported it to law enforcement. T = Technicals on the Stock Chart Are Strong JPMorgan Chase stock has done relatively well in the past couple of years. The stock is currently trading near highs for the year and looks set to continue. Analyzing the price trend and its strength can be done using key simple moving averages. What are the key moving averages? The 50-day (pink), 100-day (blue), and 200-day (yellow) simple moving averages. As seen in the daily price chart below, JPMorgan Chase is trading above its rising key averages, which signal neutral to bullish price action in the near-term.  (Source: Thinkorswim) Taking a look at the implied volatility (red) and implied volatility skew levels of JPMorgan Chase options may help determine if investors are bullish, neutral, or bearish. | Implied Volatility (IV) | 30-Day IV Percentile | 90-Day IV Percentile | | JPMorgan Chase options | 21.96% | 90% | 88% | What does this mean? This means that investors or traders are buying a very significant amount of call and put options contracts as compared to the last 30 and 90 trading days. | Put IV Skew | Call IV Skew | | December Options | Flat | Average | | January Options | Flat | Average | As of today, there is an average demand from call buyers or sellers and low demand by put buyers or high demand by put sellers, all neutral to bullish over the next two months. To summarize, investors are buying a very significant amount of call and put option contracts and are leaning neutral to bullish over the next two months. On the next page, let’s take a look at the earnings and revenue growth rates and the conclusion. E = Earnings Are Mixed Quarter-Over-Quarter Rising stock prices are often strongly correlated with rising earnings and revenue growth rates. Also, the last four quarterly earnings announcement reactions help gauge investor sentiment on JPMorgan Chase’s stock. What do the last four quarterly earnings and revenue growth (Y-O-Y) figures for JPMorgan Chase look like and more importantly, how did the markets like these numbers? | 2013 Q3 | 2013 Q2 | 2013 Q1 | 2012 Q4 | | Earnings Growth (Y-O-Y) | -112.14% | 32.23% | 33.61% | 54.89% | | Revenue Growth (Y-O-Y) | -7.67% | 13.67% | -3.57% | 10.16% | | Earnings Reaction | -0.01% | -0.30% | -0.60% | 1.01% | JPMorgan Chase has seen increasing earnings and mixed revenue figures over the last four quarters. From these numbers, the markets have had conflicting feelings about JPMorgan Chase’s recent earnings announcements. P = Average Relative Performance Versus Peers and Sector How has JPMorgan Chase stock done relative to its peers, Bank of America (NYSE:BAC), Citigroup (NYSE:C), Wells Fargo (NYSE:WFC), and sector? | JPMorgan Chase | Bank of America | Citigroup | Wells Fargo | Sector | | Year-to-Date Return | 27.50% | 32.82% | 29.15% | 27.18% | 30.16% | JPMorgan Chase has been an average relative performer, year-to-date. Conclusion JPMorgan Chase is a bellwether in the banking space that forms an essential part of the United States financial system. The company is warning some 465,000 holders of prepaid cash cards issued by the bank that their personal information may have been accessed by hackers who attacked its network in July. The stock has done relatively well in recent months but is now trading near highs for the year. Over the last four quarters, earnings have been increasing while revenues have been mixed, which has produced conflicting feelings among investors. Relative to its peers and sector, JPMorgan Chase has been an average year-to-date performer. WAIT AND SEE what JPMorgan Chase does this quarter.
The European Central Bank and the Bank of England are both set to make interest rate decisions next week. Although both banks are expected to keep rates constant, investors will be watching the ECB expectantly as President Mario Draghi has hinted at using other tools to help spur the region's recovery and fight falling inflation. Key Earnings Reports Next week investors will be waiting for several key earnings reports including FedEx Corporation (NYSE: FDX), Thor Industries, Inc. (NYSE: THO), American Eagle Outfitters (NYSE: AEO), and Big Lots, Inc. (NYSE: BIG). FedEx Corporation FedEx is expected to report second quarter EPS of $1.63 on revenue of $11.43 billion, compared to last year's EPS of $1.39 on revenue of $11.11 billion. JP Morgan reiterated FedEx with an Overweight rating with a $153.00 price target on November 14. The firm noted that 13F filings showed that although there was a rise of hedge fund positions in FDX, the size of the positions were quite modest. "Activist positions are modest…. Earlier this week Dan Loeb of Third Point disclosed he had taken a position in FDX and he had met with FDX Chairman and CEO Fred Smith. As of September 30, Third Point owned a modest 2.0 mm shares or 0.6%. Other high profile hedge funds also established positions in 3QCY13 that were smaller than Third Point including Pointstate, Soros, Paulson, and Eminence. The combined position of all of these funds, along with the 1.3% owned by Perry Capital and 0.5% owned by Highfields, was 4.0% as of September 30, 2013." Thor Industries, Inc. Thor Industries is expected to report first quarter EPS of $0.70 on revenue of $844.74 million, compared to last year's EPS of $0.58 on revenue of $875.61 million. Analysts at Wedbush reiterated Thor Industries with an Outperform rating with a $69.00 12 month price target at the beginning of November. The team at Wedbush noted that order backlogs indicate that the company will see stronger growth later this year. "While Q1 Towables sales were softer than expected, order backlog in Towables accelerated sharply, indicating stronger sales growth to come in upcoming quarters. Total order backlog, a leading indicator for sales in future quarters, rose an impressive 42%, sequentially higher than 32% growth in Q4:13. In Towables, backlog rose a stronger than expected 14%, sharply higher than flat backlog a quarter ago, indicating sales growth in this segment should similarly accelerate in upcoming quarters." American Eagle Outfitters American Eagle is expected to report third quarter EPS of $0.19 on revenue of $846.75 million, compared to last year's EPS of $0.41 on revenue of $910.37 million. Goldman Sachs reiterated American Eagle with a Neutral rating with a $17.00 price target at the beginning of November, noting that the company has responded well to stalling consumer spending. "We are positively surprised by the better performance in 3Q, particularly in light of ANF's announcement that 3Q comps deteriorated to -14% and gross margins were worse than feared. AEO's proactive management of the softer consumer backdrop, which included aggressive discounting through August and September, appears to have given them a competitive edge as others took longer to follow suit. AEO mentioned on the 2Q call it had re-assorted 4Q in response to the softer environment, but we do not believe much of that effort benefited 3Q. It may influence the 4Q outcome." On November 7, Jefferies took a similar stance and reiterated American Eagle with a Hold rating with a $17.00 price target. "AEO reported upward revised 3Q EPS guidance, which sends an encouraging signal for a potential turn around in this name. As sales trends become less negative, we think margins have troughed, inventories are controlled and earnings revisions can start to move higher once again. However, we remain on the sidelines until we see more consistent improvement and a more compelling entry point. Maintain Hold, raising PT to $17." Big Lots, Inc. Big Lots is expected to report a third quarter loss of $0.08 per share on revenue of $1.17 billion, compared to last year's loss of $0.10 per share on revenue of $1.13 billion. Analysts at Deutsche Bank reiterated Big Lots with a Hold rating with a $38.00 price target on November 12, noting that the company had long term potential. "After a trip to CA to understand the depth of BIG's recent cooler tests, we believe certain strategic changes could propel a fundamental turnaround at the retailer. To this point, the addition of coolers in conjunction with a store remodel program based on category refinement, an improved marketing strategy, as well the development of an online business, should boost recent stagnant SPSF performance. We remain sidelined for now given ongoing SSS headwinds and a likely multi-year timetable for changes to take hold." Economic Releases PMI data will be in focus next week as several countries will report their manufacturing PMI figures, including the US. US manufacturing PMI likely dropped in November, something that will likely cause taper watchers to push back their estimates for the Fed's cutback. Daily Schedule Monday Earnings Releases Expected: FedEx Corporation (NYSE: FDX), Goldmans Stores, Inc. (NASDAQ: GMAN), Thor Industries, Inc. (NYSE, THO), Krispy Kreme Doughnuts, Inc. (NYSE: KKD), Shoe Carnival, Inc. (NASDAQ: SCVL) Economic Releases Expected: Spanish manufacturing PMI, French manufacturing PMI, German manufacturing PMI, eurozone manufacturing PMI, British manufacturing PMI, US ISM manufacturing PMI, Reserve Bank of Australia interest rate decision. Tuesday Earnings Expected From: Bank of Montreal (NYSE: BMO), United Natural Foods, Inc. (NASDAQ: UNFI), OmniVision Technology, Inc. (NASDAQ: OVTI), Universal Technical Institute, Inc. (NYSE: UTI) Economic Releases Expected: Chinese HSBC Services PMI, Australian GDP, Brazilian GDP, eurozone PPI, British construction PMI. Wednesday Earnings Expected From: Christopher & Banks Corporation (NYSE: CBK), Brown Forman Corporation (NYSE: BFB), Express, Inc. (NYSE: EXPR), Avago Technologies (NASDAQ: AVGO) Economic Releases Expected: US nonfarm employment change, US trade balance, Canadian trade balance, US new home sales, US ISM non-manufacturing PMI Thursday Earnings Expected From: UTi Worldwide Inc. (NASDAQ: UTIW), Renesola Ltd. (NYSE: SOL), Royal Bank of Canada (NYSE: RY), Kroger Company (NYSE: KR), Dollar General Corporation (NYSE: DG), Diamond Foods, Inc. (NASDAQ: DMND) Economic Releases Expected: US factory orders, French unemployment rate, Bank of England interest rate decision, US GDP Friday Earnings Expected From: Big Lots, Inc. (NYSE: BIG), Bank of Nova Scotia (NYSE: BNS), American Eagle Outfitters (NYSE: AEO) Economic Releases Expected: French trade balance, Swiss CPI, US non-farm payrolls, US unemployment rate Posted-In: Bank Of England European Central Bank Mario DraghiEurozone Commodities Previews Economics Federal Reserve Pre-Market Outlook Markets Trading Ideas Best of Benzinga (c) 2013 Benzinga.com. Benzinga does not provide investment advice. All rights reserved. Around the Web, We're Loving... Lightspeed Trading Presents: Thunder and Tubleweeds: Trading Techniques for the New Market Enviroment Pope Francis Rips 'Trickle-Down' Economics Come See How the Pro's Trade in this Exclusive Webinar Wynn, MGM, Other Casino Giants Vying For U.S. Turf What Should You Know About AMZN? Most Popular 3 Reasons Every Family Office Should Own Microsoft Stocks To Watch For November 29, 2013 Zoom Shares Rise More than 200% Pre-Market Following Wednesday's Announced Acquisition of Beijing Baifen Tonglian Information & Technology 3 Reasons Every Family Office Should Own JP Morgan Cyber Monday's Hottest Tech Deals: iPod Touch, PlayStation 4 Bundle, Samsung TV And More UPDATE: Topeka Capital Markets Reiterates on Pioneer Natural Resources as Severe Weather Impacts 4Q13 Production Related Articles (AEO + AVGO) Fire at Bangladesh Garment Factory Destroys Months of Stock for Major Western Retailers Benzinga Weekly Preview: Europe's Central Banks In The Spotlight Earnings Expectations For The Week Of November 25: Hewlett-Packard, Tiffany And More Mizuho Initiated Softlines Specialty Apparel Sector American Eagle Raises EPS Estimate Mid-Morning Market Update: Markets Mixed; Wendy's Adjusted Profit Beats Estimates View the discussion thread. adsonar_placement
Individual investors have finally decided that it's safe to buy stocks again. So far this year through October 31, investors poured $404 billion more into U.S. and foreign stock funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs) than they took out, research firm Strategic Insight reports. For the full year, the firm projects that net inflows will total more than those for the previous four years combined. See Also: 24 Stock Picks for 2014 Here's the bad news. Market strategists, analysts and money managers almost unanimously believe the rediscovery of stocks by individuals is not a good thing for the market. It's as close to Wall Street gospel as you can get: Individual investors almost always buy and sell at the wrong times. Want samples of that kind of thinking? After a particularly big week of fund buying in late October, David Santschi, chief executive officer of TrimTabs Investment Research, said in a note to clients, "As Silicon Valley bestows multi-billion valuations on technology outfits with neither revenue nor profits, investors are piling into equity funds at the fastest rate since the technology stock bubble popped in 2000." Two days later, Michael Hartnett, chief investment strategist at Bank of America Merrill Lynch, headlined the firm's weekly report on fund flows "It's Getting Frothy, Man!" Just one problem with that analysis: The relationship between fund flows and subsequent returns is actually much more complex. At my request, Morningstar crunched the data on flows in and out of domestic stock funds and ETFs since 1993. Morningstar totaled flows over each January–June and July–December six-month period along with stock market returns for the subsequent six and 12 months. If you average all the periods with positive net inflows into U.S. stock funds, Standard & Poor's 500-stock index returned an average of 4.5% over the next six months and 10.6% over 12 months. That certainly doesn't raise any bear-market warning flags. By comparison, averaging all the periods with net flows out of stock funds, the S&P 500 returned an average of 5.8% during the subsequent six months and 9.4% over 12 months. In other words, over the short term (six months) the stock market did better on average after periods during which more money came out of stock funds than went into them. But the average 12-month return was slightly higher after a period of net inflows than it was during a period of net outflows. At first blush then, the relationship between fund flows and subsequent returns seems nonexistent. Indeed, for all 40 six-month periods measured by Morningstar, the S&P went up about two-thirds of the time. And, lo and behold, the S&P went up about two-thirds of the time after investors were net buyers or net sellers of stock funds. In fact, after the six periods with the largest net outflows from stocks, the S&P rose. Conversely, the market gained after six of the eight periods with the largest net buying of stock funds. One relationship that's clear from the data is that individuals tend to buy U.S. stock funds after the market has risen and to sell after it has fallen. They're not contrarians. Unfortunately, that information is of no use to investors attempting to forecast the future direction of the stock market. Sometimes the market trend is your friend; sometimes it isn't. But there is one nugget buried in the data. When net flows out of stock funds are massive, that tends to be a good time to buy stocks. For instance, the biggest net outflows from stock funds since 1993 were recorded for the last six months of 2011. And the S&P rallied 9.5% in the next six months. The second biggest bout of selling was posted in the last six months of 2012. Similarly, the S&P rose 13.8% during the subsequent six months. Bottom line: A flood of individual investor money into stock funds isn't particularly useful as a contrarian indicator that portends a market decline. But overwhelming investor pessimism, as measured by large outflows from stock funds, has some value in predicting a strong market. Steven T. Goldberg is an investment adviser in the Washington, D.C., area.
Should We Employ Indicators Used by the Majority? In today's active markets environment, traders have a wide variety of trading systems and technical indicators to use when constructing a trading plan that is meant to deliver success on a long term time horizon. While it can be difficult to separate the “wheat from the chafe,” new traders will be required to do diligent research when looking at the strengths and weaknesses of any system. Without this, new traders are putting themselves (and their money) at risk so it is important to make sure that any trading system has been well researched and tested under a variety of market conditions so that the system can be trusted when real money in put at risk. It is important to look at the most commonly used and trusted technical indicators that can be found in the forex markets today, as this will give the best sense of what the rest of the market is thinking at any given moment. Common examples include the Relative Strength Index (RSI), Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) and Stochastics. It is relatively rare to see a successful trader that does not use or at least monitor some element of these strategies on a regular basis. So, it makes a great deal of sense (especially for new traders) to at least have a firm understanding of how each of these indicators and oscillators work so that you can have a better sense of what the rest of the forex markets is seeing and how accurate and successful trading strategies are actively constructed. Starting from the Bottom It can sometimes be very confusing for experienced traders when they see newer traders investing their money in technical analysis strategies that they do not understand and have not even attempted to research. Why would any trader want to use a technical indicator if they do not understand the basic calculation that go into each signal? Since the underlying math is not difficult to understand and takes very little time to research, it should be very clear that no trading strategy should be undertaken without at least a general understanding of the basics involved when these calculations are made, so first we will look at these basics so that the more advanced techniques presented later can make more sense. Minority vs. Majority “One of the classic arguments in technical analysis is over whether or not we should employ indicators used by the majority,” said Rick Bartlett, currency analyst at CornerTrader. Some expert traders want to use exotic indicators, because they feel this gives an edge on the market that most traders cannot see or comprehend. But it is important to avoid this mindset, as it prevents you from seeing what the majority of the market is actually doing. After all, it is the majority opinion that ultimately decides market prices so it makes sense to have at least some id of the current MACD, RSI, or Stochastics reading before any trades are placed. The following article is from one of our external contributors. It does not represent the opinion of Benzinga and has not been edited. Posted-In: Markets Around the Web, We're Loving... Lightspeed Trading Presents: Thunder and Tubleweeds: Trading Techniques for the New Market Enviroment Pope Francis Rips 'Trickle-Down' Economics Come See How the Pro's Trade in this Exclusive Webinar Wynn, MGM, Other Casino Giants Vying For U.S. Turf What Should You Know About AMZN? Most Popular The Apple - China Mobile Deal By The Numbers Why Tesla Was Up 16 Percent Tuesday The 10 Apple Acquisitions of 2013 J.C. Penney: What The Analysts Are Saying #PreMarket Primer: Thursday, December 5: Apple & China Mobile Ink Deal 3 Reasons Every Family Office Should Own Petrobras Brasileiro Related Articles () Eurozone Has A Long Path Ahead This Friday's NFP Is Important, But It's Not The Most Crucial One Should We Employ Indicators Used by the Majority? Market Wrap For December 5: Market Participants Anxiously Await Tomorrow's Employment Report Silica Holdings Announces 4.526M Share Offering by GGC USS Holdings Finisar Jumps 4% After Q2 Earnings Beat, Strong Guidance View the discussion thread. Partner Network
 While credit-rating agencies are applauding the first few utilities to reach the end of their multi-billion dollar capital expenditure programs, there is some debate in the industry as to whether this will be a positive for future earnings growth. Some have argued that those utilities that finish their programs early will have more cash on hand, which will not only help them endure rising costs such as potentially higher taxes, but will also afford greater financial flexibility to take advantage of mergers and other opportunities for investment once interest rates start to rise. But others have argued that the expected jump in electric power prices in the coming years will make it difficult for utilities to take on new projects, as regulators will be less willing to approve them as rates come under pressure. So those utilities still in the midst of large capital expenditure programs may have the advantage, since they’ll enjoy higher earnings as they complete each project, while those that finished their programs earlier may not be able to find new projects of similar quality with the same attractive terms. Regardless of the relative timing of such investments, faith in management’s ability to generate shareholder value from capital projects is at an all-time low, based in part on the industry’s experience during the last period of major capital expenditures. As depicted in the chart below, the percentage of firms able to deliver returns on invested capital (ROIC) that exceeded their weighted average cost of capital (WACC) dropped precipitously toward the end of that period. Chart A: Will Utilities Be Able to Generate Better Shareholder Value This Time?  At the heart of this debate is which situation will provide investors with the best combination of strong growth and sustainable income. Before proceeding, however, it should be noted that this discussion could end up being moot if new regulations on carbon emissions require significantly higher spending levels. Based on available capital expenditure forecasts, according to an SNL Energy report, “Spending is projected to decline after 2013, with the drop-off due largely to the completion of large generation projects and the finalized installation of environmental projects to comply with Mercury and Air Toxins Standards (MATS) and other standards promulgated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).” Among those companies that are winding down their spending programs, NextEra Energy Inc (NYSE: NEE) accounts for almost 30 percent of the projected $10 billion decline in annual spending from 2013 to 2015. Other larger-cap companies with projected 2015 budgets that are below their 2013 levels include: CenterPoint Energy Inc (NYSE: CNP), Dominion Resources Inc (NYSE: D), PPL Corp (NYSE: PPL), Public Service Enterprise Group Inc (NYSE: PEG), and Southern Company (NYSE: SO). Meanwhile, the companies that are projected to be spending more in 2015 than they are presently include The AES Corp (NYSE: AES), Ameren Corp (NYSE: AEE), American Electric Power Co Inc (NYSE: AEP), CMS Energy Corp (NYSE: CMS), and Northeast Utilities (NYSE: NU). When Cash Is King The main reason to be concerned about the timing of major capital projects is that there are a number of financial and economic challenges looming ahead. In addition to the potential for higher taxes in the near term if bonus depreciation is not extended, the eventual rise in interest rates will make it costlier to pursue debt-financed deals as well as initiate new capital investment projects. Overcoming these challenges will be more difficult for utilities that are in the midst of capital-intensive investments, and that could lead to dividend cuts. Below, we survey these headwinds’ potential effects on earnings: 1) Bonus Depreciation and Capital Spending: According to a report from Moody’s Investors Service, “The US telecommunications and utilities industries could face more than $100 billion in combined federal tax payments in the coming years resulting from accelerated depreciation benefits they have taken since 2008. Assuming the ‘bonus depreciation’ allowance expires as scheduled at the end of 2013, companies will have to adjust capital spending and shareholder dividends to offset higher taxes.” Though the credit-rating agency asserts that time is on utilities’ side if the bonus depreciation expires, as there are various tax strategies that firms can undertake to offset higher taxes, this could still undermine dividend coverage. Indeed, Moody’s says, “Our projections suggest that the industries’ combined dividends will rise to $52 billion in 2020 from $44 billion in 2013. Such dividend payouts are unsustainable because net income and free cash flow will remain essentially flat, in part owing to higher taxes.” 2) Interest Rates and Merger Deals: Slower load growth is causing utilities to look beyond their service territories. According to Moody’s, “Growth has been moderating in recent years primarily because of greater energy conservation and efficiency, and increased distributed generation and the 2008-09 economic downturn.” The rating agency says, “These growth trends have pushed some utilities to look beyond their service territories for additional load growth in areas that are growing faster than the national average. Recent deals have been credit neutral as they have been financed with a balanced mix of debt and equity.” But the report notes that once interest rates start to rise, an increase in the cost of capital could slow or impede mergers and acquisitions, or at least those transactions that are heavily financed via debt. Thus, during a rising-rate environment, companies with relatively strong balance sheets should be better positioned to secure low-cost financing than those in the midst of large capital expenditure programs that may have to wait until their credit position improves. 3) Interest Rates and Equity Risk Premiums: Higher interest rates would not only affect the cost of debt financing, but would also raise the cost of equity issuances. A report from analysts at J.P. Morgan, dating from 2010, examines the cost of equity should Treasury rates revert to a level between 5 percent and 6 percent in the medium term. Assuming that stocks generate returns consistent with their long-term premium of roughly 6.5 percent above risk-free investments such as Treasuries, the utility industry’s cost of equity would increase to 10 percent to 11 percent. The implications are significant. “At 11 percent, the regulated utility sector’s cost of equity would outstrip the current industry median allowed return on equity (ROE) of 10.7 percent. Even at 10 percent, the cost of equity would be outside the historical margin of error of what utilities have been able to realize relative to allowed ROEs. Over the past decade, the utility industry has typically under-earned its allowed ROE by approximately 75 basis points,” J.P. Morgan found. Even more concerning, the banker added, not only have realized industry ROEs compressed since 2004 to a median of 9.6 percent as allowed ROEs have ratcheted down, but the under-earning spread has widened as well, from a median of approximately 60 basis points that prevailed prior to 2005 to 110 basis points since then. “Thus, if we assume that the industry is likely to continue to under-earn its allowed ROE by approximately 100 basis points, then with a current average allowed ROE of approximately 10.7 percent, the industry is likely only to be able to earn approximately 9.7 percent–below its cost of equity should the 10-year Treasury rate increase to 4.7 percent or higher,” J.P. Morgan concluded. Trust, but Verify So how do investors evaluate which utility management teams are most likely to not only skillfully allocate their capital, but also get the timing right on its deployment? Since we can’t see into the future, it all comes down to trust in their decision-making based on their track record (See Chart B). The big question to ask is whether management is generating a return on invested capital (ROIC) that’s greater than the company’s weighted average cost of capital (WACC). ROIC is a ratio that incorporates shareholder returns from equity and debt to help investors identify managers who maximize profits from all sources of capital at their disposal. Many investors usually highlight earnings and dividend growth, yet these come with a heavy price for regulated utilities. That heavy price is a growing investment base funded by large and usually increasing long-term liabilities on their respective balance sheets. Earnings growth rates and return on equity do not consider the impact of these higher liabilities. ROIC provides insight into how effectively total capital is deployed, regardless of its origin. Some have argued that ROIC is not a good metric for the utilities industry since it doesn’t reflect issues such as regulatory lag, while under-collection on capital investments can distort it. But a 2007 study by Accenture found that ROIC was 58 percent correlated to high total shareholder return. Conversely, a high dividend yield had a negative correlation to total shareholder return. Furthermore, in its own historical analysis, J.P. Morgan found that utility stocks whose underlying companies had higher spreads between ROIC and WACC realized greater returns over the same period. Chart B: Top ROICs Meant Top Total Shareholder Returns in the Past  At present, when looking at the top five utilities with the largest capital expenditure programs, we found many firms were barely exceeding their cost of capital, while there were a few that weren’t. According to Bloomberg analytics, those that earned above their cost of capital were: Duke Energy Corp (NYSE: DUK) (1.32 percent), American Electric Power (1.12 percent), NextEra (0.64 percent) and Southern Company (2.94 percent), while those firms not earning their cost of capital were Dominion (-2.27 percent) and PG&E Corp (NYSE: PCG) (-0.36 percent). There may be various reasons why ROICs are low for these firms, such as the effectiveness of management decisions or regulatory lag. According to McKinsey, “Since a company’s continuing value is highly dependent on long-run forecasts of ROIC and growth, this result has important implications for corporate valuation. Basing a continuing value on the economic concept that ROIC will approach WACC is overly conservative for the typical company generating high ROICs.” Investors should look closely at individual capital expenditure programs and past management effectiveness to determine which firms are the best investments. But if the prospect of examining the spreads between ROIC and WACC makes your head spin, there’s another way that’s even easier. In the end, we believe the answer to the capex conundrum is the balance sheet. A strong balance sheet is always preferable, as it gives management options against the unknown. Furthermore, strong balance sheets create more value and, therefore, lower the long-term cost of capital.
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